Petroleum Systems :: Petrol Oil Gas Geology

Petroleum Systems I. Introduction This paper covers a very interesting topic for people who are keen on the geological concepts to the discovery of petroleum. The subject matter itself covers research findings on how related areas in petroleum discovery can be appreciated by students in this particular field; more so, by ordinary people who may or may not have a deeper level of understanding and appreciation about the wealth of the earth, particularly on petroleum. The work required of this paper is not easy. It takes a lot of patience in finding the right mix of materials that would produce the kind of output the student wants to find out and to prove his thoughts about the subject matter. Considering that the subject matter is highly technical, one has to patiently go through the rigors of reading lots of materials, comparing and writing down notes and drawing conclusions for one self. How one appreciates the subject matter and his researched work truly reflects how this paper, as a whole, is well thought about, understood and presented. It is hoped that at the end of this paper, one is able to get the bigger picture about the processes involved in the petroleum system, from its source to trap, and that he can draw for himself, in layman's terms, how processes can be understood by ordinary people. II. Petroleum Petroleum "occurs in a liquid phase as crude oil and condensate and in a gaseous phase as natural gas" (Petroleum Geology, 2003). The development of petroleum in gaseous phase is largely dependent on the "kind of source rock from which the petroleum was formed and the physical and thermal environment in which it exists" (Petroleum Geology, 2003). Petroleum is commonly identified as the crude oil, in liquid form, which is found deep below the ground surface around less than 20,000 feet. Petroleum is "found in sedimentary basins in sedimentary rocks" and for it to develop accumulations it has to meet several conditions, namely: "(1) There must be a source rock, usually high in organic matter, from which petroleum can be generated; (2) There must be a

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Creation Science Should Not Be Taught in Public Schools Essay

Since the first days of religious evolution, religion and science have continuously fought for their place under the sun. The system of public schooling has become the field of the violent bloody conflict between the two different systems of beliefs. While religious fundamentalists sought to use public schooling as the means of religious propaganda, teachers and education professionals were trying to prove the relevance and importance of teaching objective scientific knowledge. Given the tension between science and religion, as well as the overt subjectivity of religious beliefs, religion in general, and creationism in particular, should not be taught in public schools, to provide children with the freedom of religious choice and to expand their intellectual and knowledge opportunities. The national system of public schools was always torn between the two opposite (religious and scientific) educational visions. While children were given a unique chance to look deeper into the essence of scientific knowledge, philosophers, education professionals, and religious adherents were trying to prove that religion did have to be taught at schools. Generally, religion is not a matter of scientific danger; moreover, religion can serve the source of reliable and never changing ethical and moral truths. The problem is, however, in that in its current state religion consciously denies an opportunity to reconcile with the objectivity and relevance of science. Moreover, religion works to deny the relevance of science as such, thus distorting children’s attitudes toward the world and putting them into a controversial environment filled with assumptions, myths, and beliefs. True, creationism and evolution seem incompatible; but while â€Å"many scientists are deeply religious and see scientific investigation and religious faith as complementary components of a well-rounded life† (Ludden 577), it is religion that promotes hostility toward science. Moreover, apart from being spiritual guidance, the Bible in general and the science of creation, in particular provide â€Å"the refuge from the calamities of life† (Green 581), while present day children should be prepared to face the realities of life, instead of trying to escape them. In the light of these hostile intentions and attitudes, it is understandable why education professionals are reluctant to integrate the science of creation with the major curriculum disciplines. Unfortunately, religious adherents do not accept the need for objectivity, which scientific knowledge promotes at schools. Instead of making religion a supplementary element of public education, fundamentalists view religion and the science of creation as instruments of propaganda. As a result, religion imposes narrow (and mostly misbalanced) convictions and opinions on children. As science seeks to reconcile with religion and to accept religion as a different (but not the opposite) scientific viewpoint, religion seeks to deny the relevance of science and does not accept the mere opportunity for science to be the basic element of public school education. The Kansas Board of Education has already limited the scope of scientific education in public schools, and the concept of evolution is no longer taught and explained to children. â€Å"This central concept of biology will be diluted or eliminated, thus reducing courses to do something like chemistry without the periodic table, or American history without Lincoln† (Gould 59). That is why the science of creation should not be taught at public schools – not because it does not have the right to exist, but because it promotes distorted scientific visions, and does not provide children with a chance to embrace the benefits of scientific advancement. The science of creation should not be taught at schools because it narrows the scope of the public schools’ development to absurdity and reveals true scientific ignorance. The science of creation should not be taught at schools because it is not science, but a set of ideas and beliefs that have never been documented or proved. To a large extent, religion should not be the central element of public education, due to the fact that it denies the need for intellectual development; it does not stir children’s imagination and cannot serve the object of scientific inquiry. As a result, the science of creation with its continuous denial of objective scientific achievements in general and evolution, in particular, is nothing more but the instrument of anti-intellectualism (Gould 59) which cannot promote intellectual progress at societal level. Krauthammer states that creationism is not included into any serious curriculum of any serious country, which means that serious countries and serious curriculum designers realize the intellectual threats of which creationism is the source. Moreover, it appears that serious countries are more attentive to the secular and scientific needs of their citizens and actively work to minimize religious fundamentalists’ access to public education. In our country, however, public schools remind a kind of a battlefield, with children being the victims of this secular vs. religious fight. Evolution is the sign of the ongoing scientific and natural progress, while creationism is the science of conservation that denies the need for social progress. Religion is an invaluable element of the social performance in America, but it is relevant to the extent that does not distort the founding principles of public education, with objectivity and freedom of choice in its center. Objectively, it is a matter of ethical tolerance, and in this situation science can teach children to hold and reconcile with contradictory beliefs. Religion has already ceased to be the source of tolerance, and creationism cannot teach children anything beyond unnecessary denial of the major scientific findings. Conclusion Creationism should not be taught at schools. Given the negativity and scientific denial which it promotes, religion will create distorted learning atmosphere and will work to impose religious beliefs on children. Instead of being the source of ethical values, religion has turned into the tool of anti-intellectualism and scientific conservation. As a result, to teach the science of creation at schools will mean to deprive children of the stimuli to search, investigate, learn and promote scientific and learning progress. Works Cited Gould, S. J. â€Å"Dorothy, It’s Really Oz: A Pro-Creationist Decision in Kansas Is More Than a Blow Against Darwin. † Time Magazine, no. 154 (1999): p. 59. Green, P. â€Å"The Battle Over Creationism. † In F. D. White & S. J. Billings, The Well-Crafted Argument: A Guide and Reader, 3rd ed. , Wadsworth Publishing, 2007, p. 580-83. Krauthammer, C. â€Å"The Real Message of Creationism. † 1999. Time. 11 May 2009. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,992623,00. html Ludden, D. â€Å"Teaching Evolution at a Christian College. † In F. D. White & S. J. Billings, The Well-Crafted Argument: A Guide and Reader, 3rd ed. , Wadsworth Publishing, 2007, p. 576-80.

Economic development of Turkey from 1914 to 2013 Essay Example

Economic development of Turkey from 1914 to 2013 Essay Example Economic development of Turkey from 1914 to 2013 Essay Economic development of Turkey from 1914 to 2013 Essay Economic development of Turkey from 1914 to 2013 BY psy1001 Economic Development of Turkey From 1914 to 2013 The movement of Turkish economy in twentieth century was influenced by large number of historical, political and economic events. Externally, Turkish economy was influenced by large events such as World War 1. , Economic depression, and World war II. Internally, Turkish economy was influenced by changes in economical policy(Altug et al. , 2006). The changes in economical policy can be divided in the four major period. On the period of liberal economic regime from 1923 to 1929. The period of state accumulation which lasted from 1929 to 1945. The period of state guided by industrialization which lasted from 1950 to 1980. The period of liberal trade of goods, services and financial transaction which started in 1980. (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009). The Turkey as a modern state aroused from the collapse of Ottoman Empire in 1923. World War I and its impact has a very harsh effects on the Turkish economy. Just in the period from 1914 to 1924 population of the areas comprising present day Turkey declined by 18 percent. Neverthless, during the liberalization of arket Turkey had slow growth rate from 1920 to 1929. With that pace Turkey reached a pre-war level of GDP Just in 1929. (Altug et al. , 2006). In 1929 Economic depression cast a shadow on classical laissez-faire economy which asserted that economy will automatically achieve full employment without any type of state intervention. (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009, p. 5-6). As a response to that event almost all high official of that time such as president Atat?rk, prime minister in? ¶n?, and secretary general Recep Peker, decided to accepted Etatism. Etatism means that rom then onward Turkishm goverment had decided to have more control over economic and social politicy. Concerning that the Turkey was relativly new republic turkish government was sensitive toward any form of reactionism or religious extremism. In other words to secure stability, Turkish government wanted to find a middle way between socialism and capitalism. (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009, p. 7). During the pure liberal faze from 1923 to 1930 the yearly average growth rate was 9. 12%. In the period of great depression 1930-35 Turkey still succeded to have small growth rate of 2. 4%. In the period of Etatism the rate was 7. 08% (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009, p. 9-10). Etatist regime bring first industrialization phase in the hitherto predominately agricultural country. This enble Turkey to have steady growth rate until the beggining of the World War II. Even the Turkey officialy engaged in WWII just in the last two months and did not directly suffer from war destruction, it still have significantly higher expenditures for army. Also, in the period of WWII foreging trade drasticaly decreased. Both elements in the period of 1939 to 1945 produced an ecover. The average yearly growth rate was 11% (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009, p. 14). In 1950 the newly elected Democrat Party started agriculturale reforms. This reforms were argubaly the most important in the course of Republican History. Reforms included increase in arable lands together with the mechanization of agriculture(Altug et al. , 2006). The succes of agricultural reforms are evident from the statistics which show rapid increase in agricultural output (Altug et al. , 2006, p. 6) (Turkish Statistical Institute). Even the new regime which look at private investment nd production as a basis of development, economy had still preserved intensive government inteverntions both at macro and micro levels. Also, the policy included intensive protection in foreign trade. This policy have a negative effects on private enterptise, and investment which were still inadequate to achieve satisfactory growth rate (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009, p. 20). From 1950 to 1959 nominal GDP increased for 66. 11%. On the other hand, inflation in that period increased for 94. 1%, and population increased for 26. 1%. All this produced decline in real GDP per capita. Even reform proved to be successful in the first four years with an average yearly per capita GNP growth rate of 8. 9% and inflation of only 2. %, contrary, the period from 1955-1959 was catastrophic. To precise, the yearly average per capita GNP growth rate was 1. 2% and yearly average price rise to 13. 9%. (Prof. Dr. M?kerrem et al. , 2009, p. 20). In 1960 due to the harsh economic situation on May 27th, had the first coup d? ©tat, which led to change in the government and constitution. Also the hard economical situation forced Turkey t o find new credit through the IMF. To get loan from IMF Turkey had to accept IMF mesaures and guidlines. The general mesaures were devaluation of Turkish lira and austerity mesaures. This mesaures were designet to decrease domestic demand for foriegn goods and consequently reduce turkish deficit. Nevertheless, government spending were from decade to decade higher, and till 1980 external debt climbed to US$16. 2 billion. In 1980, Turkish economy experienced a large liberalization reform. ?–zals reform program included a reduced state role in the economy, a realistic exchange rate and realistic monetary olicies, cutbacks on subsidies and price controls, and encouragement of exports and foreign direct investment (Monabay). With thiese policies Ozal wanted to change Turkish economy from import-substituting to export led-growth economy. From 1980 to 1990 GDP per capita increased from USD$1 567 to USD$2 791(world sank). From 1980 to 1984 economy have a downturn, and 1984 GDP per capita was Just USD$1246. From 1985 to 1991 average grow was 9. 9%. The highest growth occured from 1989 USD$2019to 1990 USD$2791. The 1990 grow rate was 27. 6%. From 1991 to 1993 GDP per capita increased. In 1991 GDP per capita was USD$2751, 1992 USD$2850, and in 1993 USD$3180. In 1994 during the economic crisis GDP per capita dramaticaly decreased to USD$2268. From 1995 to 2000 GDP increased each year. Approximate growth rate for that period is 6. 6%. GDP per capita incresed from 1994 USD$2268 to 1998 USD$ 4392. GDP per capita decreased from 1999 USD$ 4392 to 2001 USD$ 3058 (World Bank). In the begining of 20th century Turkish economy achived major expansion. GDP per capita increased from 2003 USD$ 4595 to 2012 USD$10. 666 (World Bank). Average growth rate for that period is 5. 69%. As regards developed ountries Turkey is today one of the fastest growing economies. From 2002 onward major structural reforms has integrated Turkish economy into the globalized world. BIBLIOGRAPHY Prof. Dr. M?kerrem with Asst. Prof. Dr. Aysen Gencer (2009) Turkish Economy and Politics 1923 to 2002, from beykent. edu. tr/docs/mkrrm2. pdf? phpMYAdmtn=26b1 ab37aa748d52c4747d623bec741 b Mongabay, from mongabay. com/reference/country_studies/turkey/ ECONOMY. html Sumru Altug, Alpay Filiztekin, and #vket Pamuk (October 6, 2006) Sources of Long- Term Economic Growth for Turkey, from http://dev3. epr. org/meets/wkcn/111658/ papers/altug. df Turkish Statistical Institute from turkstat. gov. tr/PreTablo. do? alt_id=1045 World Bank, from http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD? page=6 http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD? page=5 http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD? page=4 http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD? page=3 http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD? page=2 http://data. worldbank . org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD? page=1 http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD

10 dudas resueltas sobre el ajuste de estatus

10 dudas resueltas sobre el ajuste de estatus El ajuste de estatus es un trmite que permite a los migrantes presentes en Estados Unidos solicitar y obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card, sin necesidad de salir del paà ­s. Para completar este trmite del ajuste de estatus ,el migrante deber presentar, un formulario principal, planillas de apoyo, documentacià ³n de evidencia y, dependiendo del tipo de caso, pago de un arancel. Adems, puede ser necesaria una entrevista con un oficial migratorio, presentarse para la toma de datos biomà ©tricos y el envà ­o de documentacià ³n adicional a peticià ³n del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). El ajuste de estatus se diferencia del proceso consular como procedimiento para la obtencià ³n de la green card en que en este à ºltimo el migrante debe estar fuera de los Estados Unidos y presentarse a una entrevista en una oficina consular estadounidense. Por su importancia migratoria, a continuacià ³n se aclaran las principales dudas sobre el ajuste de estatus. Ajuste de estatus El ajuste de estatus es un proceso que permite a los migrantes obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente sin salir de EE.UU. No todos los migrantes pueden ajustar su estatus.En la actualidad es un proceso largo –o muy largo– y caro. Una de sus grandes ventajas es que evita las separaciones familiares y que el migrante en proceso de ajuste de estatus puede obtener un permiso de trabajo.  ¿Cules son las ventajas del ajuste de estatus? El ajuste de estatus brinda dos grandes ventajas para los migrantes. En primer lugar, permite que el proceso de adquirir la tarjeta de residencia permanente se desarrolle en su totalidad en Estados Unidos. Como consecuencia, el migrante se ahorra los gastos que generarà ­a la obligacià ³n de salir del paà ­s para completar el proceso y podrà ­a obtener un permiso de trabajo mientras se tramita el ajuste. En segundo lugar, los migrantes indocumentados que cumplen los requisitos para ajustar su estatus evitan tener que salir del paà ­s para arreglar los papeles a travà ©s del proceso consular y asà ­ no activan el castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os.  ¿Cules son los requisitos para el ajuste de estatus? Hay dos grandes requisitos. En primer lugar, calificar para sacar la tarjeta de residencia permanente por uno de los varios motivos establecidos por la ley. Son ejemplos comunes, pero no los à ºnicos, los siguientes: por peticià ³n de familiar por residente o ciudadano.por asilo o refugiadospor visa U (và ­ctima violencia) o T (trfico humano)por visa K-1 de prometido de ciudadanopor patrocinio de una empresaemigrantes especialescubanos, en aplicacià ³n de Ley de Ajuste Cubano, etc. En segundo lugar, es necesario, adems, calificar para beneficiarse del proceso de ajuste de estatus. Y es que no todos los migrantes que califican para la green card pueden beneficiarse del trmite del ajuste de estatus. Por ejemplo, no pueden ajustar su estatus, entre otros, los siguientes migrantes:cà ³nyuges y padres de ciudadanos que ingresaron ilegalmente a Estados Unidosfamiliares de residentes en situacià ³n de indocumentadoscà ³nyuge de ciudadano que ingresà ³ con visa K-1 y se casà ³ con persona distinta a su patrocinadortitulares de visa J-1 o J-2 de intercambio que estn sujetos a la obligacià ³n de residir fuera de EE.UU. por dos aà ±os.Otros casos. Cabe destacar que la ley permite excepciones a la regla general en ciertos casos, por ejemplo, para los migrantes que piden para sà ­ el beneficio de VAWA por violencia domà ©stica. Formulario para solicitar el ajuste de estatus El formulario del USCIS para el ajuste de estatus es el I-485. En los casos excepcionales en los que el migrante puede sacar la green card en aplicacià ³n de la Seccià ³n 245(i) de la Ley de Naturalizacià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (INA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), tambià ©n deber completar el formulario I-485 Supplement A. Adems, se debern presentar otros formularios, como la Declaracià ³n de sostenimiento econà ³mico (affidavit of support, en inglà ©s), pero su naturaleza depende de la razà ³n por la que el migrante califica para sacar la green card. Cabe destacar que la mayorà ­a de los migrantes debern presentar una copia del I-94, registro de ingreso y de salida, para acreditar que entraron legalmente a los Estados Unidos. Asimismo, deber realizarse un examen mà ©dico. Conviene presentar tambià ©n al mismo tiempo la solicitud de permiso de trabajo y la solicitud de permiso para viajar, conocido en inglà ©s como advance parole. Si se presentan conjuntamente con la peticià ³n de ajuste de estatus no es necesario pagar una cuota a mayores por estos dos permisos. En otras palabras, la cuota est incluida en la de ajuste de estatus. Todos los documentos adjuntos que se presenten deben traducirse al idioma inglà ©s y certificarlo, si es que estn redactados en otra lengua.  ¿Cundo se presenta formulario I-485 ajuste de estatus? El momento en que se puede enviar el formulario para el ajuste de estatus depende de la razà ³n por la que el migrante saca la green card. En la mayorà ­a de los casos necesitar que exista una visa disponible para su categorà ­a. Por ejemplo, el cà ³nyuge de un residente permanente es categorà ­a F2A. No puede enviar los documentos para solicitar el ajuste mientras el boletà ­n de visas que publica todos los meses el Departamento de Estado no diga que ya hay visa disponible segà ºn la fecha de prioridad de la aplicacià ³n del migrante. Sin embargo, hay casos excepcionales en los que se puede presentar la solicitud de ajuste en el momento en que ya se solicita la green card. Por ejemplo, en el caso de peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge, padres o hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os por parte un ciudadano estadounidense.  ¿Cul es el costo del formulario I-485? Pueden darse las siguientes situaciones: Menor de 14 aà ±os que aplica con al menos un progenitor: $750Menor de 14 aà ±os que no aplica con ningà ºn progenitor: $1.140Migrantes entre 14 y 78 aà ±os de edad: $1.225, incluye servicio biomà ©tricoMigrantes de 79 aà ±os o ms: $1.140Migrantes admitidos a EE.UU. como refugiados: $0 Segà ºn las circunstancias, algunos migrantes podrà ­an calificar por un waiver para no pagar la tarifa. Sin embargo, antes de solicitarlo es conveniente asesorarse con un abogado ya que podrà ­a dar lugar al rechazo de la peticià ³n de ajuste de estatus por motivo de carga pà ºblica. Esta cuota se puede pagar mediante money order, cheque personal o cashiers check contra una cuenta en un banco de Estados Unidos o mediante tarjeta de crà ©dito. Para esto à ºltimo debe completarse el formulario G-1450. La tarifa no se regresa si el ajuste de estatus no es aprobado. Huellas digitales para ajuste de estatus Los migrantes entre 14 y 78 aà ±os recibirn una carta para que en un dà ­a y una hora determinada se presenten en un ACS para la toma de huellas digitales, fotografà ­as y para firmar que todo lo que han dicho en su solicitud de ajuste de estatus es verdad. USCIS puede negar el ajuste de estatus si el migrante no firma o si no se presenta en el ACS la fecha indicada y no solicità ³ previamente un cambio de dà ­a y/o hora.  ¿Cunto se demora el ajuste de estatus? En la actualidad, el ajuste de estatus est sufriendo notables retrasos. Por ejemplo, el Centro de California se est demorando entre 8 meses y 43 meses y medio. El Centro de Texas, entre 14 y 41 meses. Entre los factores que explican la diferencia de tiempo en un mismo centro de USCIS pueden estar la necesidad de realizar entrevistas o no o la solicitud de documentacià ³n adicional por parte de USCIS. Es posible verificar los retrasos medios en la pgina oficial de USCIS. En la casilla de Form, seleccionar I-485 y en la de Field Office o Service Center, elegir la del centro que està © gestionando la aplicacià ³n. Adems, existen diversos medios para contactar con USCIS para verificar el estatus del caso.  ¿Se puede trabajar/viajar mientras se espera por ajuste de estatus? Se puede trabajar una vez que se recibe el permiso de trabajo, a menos que se tenga ya uno emitido que continà ºa siendo vlido. No se deberà ­a viajar al extranjero sin tener en mano el advance parole aprobado, ya que el migrante se arriesga a que se le impida regresar a EE.UU. Incluso con ese permiso aprobado los migrantes en situacià ³n de indocumentados deberà ­an consultar con un abogado antes de viajar. USCIS y negacià ³n de ajuste de estatus Una peticià ³n de ajuste de estatus puede ser negada porque se considera al migrante como inadmisible. En la actualidad, es conveniente tener en cuenta las nuevas directrices del gobierno sobre el problema llamado carga pà ºblica. Novios y esposos: consideraciones a tener en cuenta En el caso de relaciones familiares existe la tentacià ³n de que el novio o cà ³nyuge extranjero ingrese a EE.UU. e intentar arreglar la situacià ³n migratoria mediante la solicitud de un ajuste de estatus y asà ­ evitar una separacià ³n larga, que es lo que sucede con las aplicaciones en las que se va a travà ©s del proceso consular. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que sin darse cuenta se està © cometiendo un fraude de ley, cuando el cà ³nyuge extranjero o el novio de un ciudadano estadounidense ingresa como turista con la intencià ³n de quedarse en EE.UU. y solicitar una green card. Para evitar problemas de este tipo es conveniente tenerlo presente y dejar transcurrir un tiempo prudente desde el ingreso del cà ³nyuge o novio extranjero hasta el momento de solicitar el ajuste de estatus o, en el caso de prometidos, de la celebracià ³n del matrimonio. En la actualidad se exige un tiempo mayor que en el pasado. Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal. Tiene un carcter meramente informativo.

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING AND ADVERTISING Assignment - 2

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING AND ADVERTISING - Assignment Example Social media marketing entail the use of the virtual space and mobile applications. Transition of social media to marketing communications medium is been contributed by technological drivers like the bandwidth. Internet reaches the global target market leading to increased revenues. Social media is no longer the domain of the young generation (Ellison & Shulze 2007). Older generation has continued to participate in social network sites like face book. Social Medias influence promises a marketing revolution (Clow & Baack 2004). The use of social media sites and consumers searching online is capable of getting the particulars of the products. The environmental friendly cars are likely to attract all the social markets. The best social media is becoming effective through integrative marketing. Online relationship marketing requires facilitation often process of dialogue, interaction and communication (Clow & Baack 2004). The emerging social media tools for social media marketing include webinars and real-time video training. A compelling example is the marketing campa ign by the Toyota team. The company has used social media and internet marketing to address the consumer concerns. The company has made custom products for different markets to meet the market demands around the world. The brand has also build a strong reputation and brand identity over the years. Social media has been a strong marketing tool in presenting Toyota as a strong brand. Marketing in the hotel industry is about building relationships with an aim of attracting and retaining customers. Relationship marketing is defined as marketing to protect the customer base through attracting, enhancing and maintaining customer relationships. This style of marketing suggests a paradigm shift from the traditional 4P’s. This marketing is most applicable where there is ongoing and periodic consumer demand (Clow & Baack 2004). The consumer tends to control the selection

Business Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Paper - Essay Example Through the stage of editing, it is crucial for one to realize the significance of making changes such that the substance of the business paper turns out to promote a better approach to closing a deal between the parties involved. Since business paper may assume a variety of forms as essay, proposal letter, research paper, position paper, and thesis or dissertation, a business writer ought to account for the primary objective that fully justifies the essential ideas to be brought across. Hence, even on conducting revisions, the writer should render adjustments based on the elements which chiefly deliver corporal thoughts, values, and style. On editing, consistency with formal tone must be maintained as well as the use of passive voice in keeping the formality intact throughout the paper. As much as possible, the corrections employed on the work should necessitate concise expressions in which case, modifiers in series are reduced to one or two words that are rather more technical in nature. Furthermore, the editing staff or individual sees to it that a firm resolve is established within the course of rewriting and that the output relies heavily on facts and figures. Similarly, the presentation of the paper’s substance must be supported by arguments that strictly adhere to objectivity as reflected in the quantity of evidence utilized and the accompanying vocabulary to state it. Fairness in critique or judgment and sound transactions among correspondences are sustained for whenever one optimizes making reference to factual input.